Native N.A. Plants in Landscape Designs

Leucothoe axillaris - Spring Foliage
Coastal Leucothoe

Hydrangea quercifolia - Emerging Leaves
Goosefoot / Oakleaf Hydrangea

Cercis canadensis - Pine Background
Eastern RedBud

It is possible for gardeners in eastern N.A. to successfully plant and grow ornamental plants despite heavy populations of Virginia white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Most of the deer-resistant shrubs and small trees that are useful in built landscapes are native to eastern N.A. Fortunately for gardeners these choices are easy-to-maintain and perfect choices for informal or natural appearing landscapes.

There is also a wide choice among deer-resistant spring-flowering bulbs and herbaceous plants. Some of these are native, while others are Asian or Mediterranean.

Plant lists presented in some of the articles below are derived from my own experiences and those of trusted horticultural professionals.

Caution: No plant is deer-proof! Hungry deer will browse and even destroy deer-resistant plantings when weather is severe or food sources are meager.

• Deer-resistant Flowering Shrubs: Native North American Ornamental Shrubs of Landscape Importance

Appetites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) include ornamental landscape plants. Choosing native deer-resistant shrubs equals landscape success.

• Eastern Redbud Trees in Landscapes: Cercis Canadensis Enrich Garden Landscapes in Spring and Autumn

Eastern redbud trees and cultivars enrich landscape gardens with varieties of form, silhouettes and unusual seasonal color. Site selection is essential for good display.

Spring Arrives in Eastern N.A.

Cercis canadensis 'Alba' - Springfield, MA
©Georgene A. Bramlage, June 2007

Here is a list of some of my spring articles and blogs - some current, some from previous years. They include my favorite trees like redbuds and witch hazel, annuals like petunias, perennials like the new breed of echinacea (cone flower), and spring-flowering bulbs.

Crabapple Trees in the Landscape
Eighteen kinds of crabapples form the backdrop to a Memorial Garden in a western MA orchard. Autumn crabapple display begins with warm sunny days and cold nights.

Eastern Redbud Trees in Landscapes
Eastern redbud trees and cultivars enrich landscape gardens with varieties of form, silhouettes and unusual seasonal color. Site selection is essential for good display.

Hamamelis: Best Landscape Sites
Choosing optimal site and microclimate for Hamamelis (witch hazel) planting locations facilitates growth and generates best spring and autumn performance.

Wave® Petunias in Built Landscapes: Growth Specifics, Care Requirement, and Garden Landscape Design Use

What are Wave® petunias? Wave® petunias solve garden landscape color and design needs. Growing and maintaining Wave® petunias is easy with no deadheading needed. Photos.

Wave® Petunias Design Solutions: Design and Complete One Weekend Projects

Wave® petunias provide inexpensive and eye-catching design solutions. Develop and complete a project in one weekend using these planning tips. Photos provided.

Wave® Petunia Landscape Designs: Garden Landscape Color and Design Solutions

Wave® petunias solve many garden landscape color and design problems. Plant them in containers or garden plots, alone or with other ornamental plants. Photos included.

Up-to-the-minute Echinacea Hybrids: Enhance Prairie Landscape and Meadow Garden Designs

Echinacea (coneflower) hybrids are up-to-the-minute plant breakthroughs. American plant breeders work to bring bright flower and plant color to landscape garden designs.

Echinacea Selections in Landscapes: New Cultivars Can Enhance Prairie and Meadow Gardens

Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) selections and cultivars can enhance prairie and meadow gardens. These native N.A. plants tolerate some shade and moist soil.

Leap Day and Spring Flowers : February's End in Plant Growing Zone 7

Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) and Crocus Tomasianus, reminders of Sissignhurst Gardens and Vita Sackville-West, surprise us here in Zone 7 at the end of February.

Spring Arrives in Plant Zone 7: Snowdrops and Winter Jasmine

Early spring in Virginia (USA) arrives with the blooming of snow drops (Galanthus nivalis) and winter jasmine (Jasminium nudiflorum).

Mini Flowering Bulbs Proclaim Spring!

Early spring bulb displays are important features at many National Trust (UK) properties. Many have early openings, beginning in February, to show off displays of snowdrops, aconites, crocuses and daffodils. Observing these displays shows gardeners new species and cultivar to try in their own garden

Landscapes of Love

Happy Valentine's Day

Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; it is not arrogant or rude. Love does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful;
it does not rejoice at wrong, but rejoices in the right.
Love bears all things; believes all things; hopes all things; endures all things.

In honor of the great saint associated with love on February 14th, Landscapes of Love
presents five historic landscapes that symbolize five extraordinary historic couples. Historic landscapes and landscape gardens usually chronicle the fashions and trends of the times that shaped them.

• England -16th Century: Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Hever Castle

Hever Castle & Gardens
Hever
Nr Edenbridge
Kent TN8 7NG

Resource: Anne Boleyn: A New Life of England's Tragic Queen Joanna Denny (Da Capo Press, 2006)

• 

• England - 20th Century: Vita Sackville-West, Harold Nicholson and Sissinghurst Castle Garden

Sissinghurst Castle Garden
Sissinghurst, nr Cranbrook
Kent TN17 2AB

Resource: Victoria Glendinning Vita: A Biography of Vita Sackville-West (Alfred A. Knopf 1983)

• America - New England - Late 18th and Early 19th Century: Abigail (1781-1826) and John Adams (1781-1826), and Adams National Historical Park.

Adams National Historical Park
135 Adams Street
Quincy, MA 02169

Resources: Bailyn, Bernard. First Generations: Women in Colonial America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996)
Gelles, Edith B. Portia: The World of Abigail Adams. (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1992)

• France -18th Century: Marie Antoinette,Louis XVI and the Petit Trianon
  

Resource: History of the Petit Trianon

• India - 17th Century: Mumtaz Mahal, the favorite wife of Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor and the Taj Mahal built as a mausoleum and memorial.
  

Uttar Pradesh

Agra District

India

Landscape Maintenance Mistakes

Photo #1 - Damage done to pavements and front entrance because either a young tree was planted in the wrong location or a seedling was allowed to grow. Result is an unhealthy tree that needed to be cut and the expense of repair of hardscape.


Mistakes? Everyone makes one, now and then. However, Landscape Maintenance Mistakes...what I've begun to term Horticultural Horrors...abound in both residential and public landscapes.

The neatnik in me wants to scurry around and fix everything I see. No, I am not setting myself up as any Horticulturally Correct Person (HCP). I just delight in advocating for plant health. Usually, maintenance mistakes lead to poor plant health.

You can read more about some of these Horticultural Horrors, what causes them and the problems arising from them in my article: Landscape Maintenance Mistakes.



Photo #2 -Damage done to city pavement by a Gleditsia triacanthos var.inermis (thornless honey locust) because the roots have girdled themselves and have no place to grow. One of a row of these trees, all causing the same problem. Even though these honey locusts are generally a good choice for urban street trees, the problem arose because there was not enough space for the roots to grow. Research of the soil and space under the street might have prevented this damage.

Poppies and Patriotism: Wildflower Seeds - Wild Flower Seed and Wildflower Seed Mixes - American Meadows

Courtesy of American Wildflowers

Poppies and Patriotism Symbolize the Red of Sacrifice

Earlier this week. I recalled just how important the upcoming November 11 holiday is when I attended an elementary school Veterans' Day concert put on by first grade students.

Many readers like myself, school-age during the 1930s and 40s, learned that the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month marked the temporary cessation of hostilities between the Allied nations and Germany at the turn of the 20th century. We were very used to seeing veterans selling paper poppies to mark Armistice Day. In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared November 11 as Veterans' Day. Veterans groups still sell red paper poppies and have carried over the tradition to Memorial Day in May.

What do poppies and patriotism have to do with landscaping? The corn poppy or Flanders poppy (Papaver rhoeas) can be an important part of wildflower meadows or early summer annual planting beds. Now is a good time to start thinking about and planning for growing season - 2008 before the oncoming Thanksgiving and December holidays.

Below are some synopses of Suite101 Landscaping blogs and articles about growing and using poppies in garden landscapes:

• Poppies and Landscapes of War

Here is a copy of "In Flanders Fields" written by Canadian military doctor Colonel John McCrae in 1915 who used the imagery of red poppies (Papaver rhoeas) in landscapes of "The Great War."

• Corn Poppies Grow in Wheat Fields

When William Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote about "all the idle weeds that grow...in our sustaining corn," he had in mind wheat, barley, and oat fields of medieval England.

• Poppies and Landscapes of War: A Symbol of Remembrance

Flanders field poppies (Papaver rhoeas) brighten European landscapes in early summer. Here in the U.S., they symbolize Veterans' Day (autumn) and Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day (spring).

• Landscapes and Remembrance

"Poppies and Landscapes of War" elicited a note from an old friend of mine that is shared here. He comments about poppies and the Memorial Day parade in his town.

• Landscapes of Poppies: Descriptions and Growing Suggestions

Sweeping landscape plantings of the corn (Flanders's Field) poppy and its cousins are a knockout. These plants are true annuals though they may live for several seasons.

• Poppies and Landscape Design: Annual poppies bring effervescence to government and commercial wildflower plantings

Government and private groups work to bring color to highway and commercial landscapes. Annual poppies add flair and dazzle to large wildflower plantings.

• Integrate Poppies into the Landscape: Annual poppies focus attention on landscape beds and borders; planned sequence of bloom is essential

Early temperate season uniform poppy beds require planning and design to focus attention on residential and commercial landscapes. Presented is a planting sequence for Zone 5.

• Poppies in Residential Gardens: Annual poppies unify and enhance small meadows and natural gardens

Annual poppies bring unity to wildflower meadows or a natural garden as well as create a breath-taking display. Seeds of annual poppies are easy to find and buy.

• Annual Poppies as Landscape Focus: Annual Poppies efficiently unify contrasting parts of natural plantings, and add color and romance to settings

Seaside and sheltered landscape plantings and herb gardens present some down-to-earth examples for using annual poppies in natural-appearing gardens.

A Zone 7 Gardener's Soul Trapped in a Weak Zone 5 Gardener's Body

I grew up and learned about plants, horticulture and landscaping in OH - definitely a Plant Growing Zone 5. I've lived in western MA for about four decades and more and more have claimed that I have a zone 7 soul trapped in a weak zone 5 gardener's body. Now, I will have a chance to prove it. Earlier this week, my husband and I moved into a condominium cottage nestled in the shadow of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

The move is not year 'round, but only for five winter months. We've become "snow-birds." Besides being fun and educational for me, the move means many more experiences to share with my readers. We've entered the land of contrasts:

• Japanese yews (Taxus cuspidata) and arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) replace boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) and crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) in the cultivated landscape.
• The traditional and somewhat down-to-earth landscapes of the New York – New England regions replace those originating from Williamsburg and Jeffersonian-style sophistication.
• Winter weather in the Blue Ridge area is more moderate than that in western MA, and there is little snow and ice. This allows me much planting leeway to indulge my zone 7 soul. The ground is still warm and the location deer-proof enough for me to plant and enjoy tulips. I can luxuriate in new cultivars of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) and Encore Azaleas®.
• Instead of a garden almost one-acre in size, I have a small area suited for condominium-style living. The whole concept of landscape gardening is scaled down in such a physical setting.

And finally, I look forward to a glorious spring. Our general location is right where the northern and southern Blue Ridge Mountains meet - a location where populations of northern and southern eastern North American native plants merge into one large population. Here is another opportunity to realize a decades-old dream of pursuing plants I have only seen in specialized collections or fieldguide illustrations.

Stay tuned to read about all sorts of new and exciting discoveries.

Do Woolly Worms really forecast winter's length in the northeast U.S.? It is anyone's guess!

I spend a lot of my autumn garden days in dreaming and observing what is around me than I do gardening. One of my favorite pursuits is to watch wooly worms - wooly bears, black-ended bears, banded woolly bears - inch their way about the garden landscape.

Folklore has it that these critters can predict the coming winter weather. And here is how we are suppose to forecast the coming months. Look for those woolly bears that are black at each end with a reddish brown band in the middle. The size of the brown band is suppose to be an indicator of winter's severity - the narrower the band, the harsher the winter. If woolly worms are browner than black, and the middle band tends toward orange that indicates the winter will be mild.

The woolly worm is really the (caterpillar) larval stage of the Isabella tiger moth (Pyrrhactia isabella). Unfortunately for us lovers of folklore, folks at the West Virginia University Extension Service and other scientists say there is no scientific evidence that woolly worms predict the weather. Variations in worm bands are linked to differences in species and larval stage, not the weather.

We can still enjoy these critters despite their scientific rap. The folks in Lewisburg, PA and elsewhere annually celebrate at the woolly worm. This year, the Woolly Worm Festival in Lewisburg is on Saturday, October 13 from 9am to 5pm.

You can also read more about Wooly Bears, their reputations and celebratory activities at All About Worms: Articles About Woolly Bears.

Happy Autumn and Happy Daydreaming!

Landscape Garden Color

Autumn arrived this week. Look Out! Here come the autumn colors in temperate North America.



Seasonal Color Inspiration: Autumn by COLOURlovers is a great web site to begin an investigation of why leaves turn color in the autumn. And because COLOURlovers™ is a resource that monitors and influences color trends, one of it sections includes color palettes. It's also a great web location to see how the colors of autumn mix and match.

Fom knowing a little about leaf color change and color inspiration, it is not too much of a leap for landscape gardeners to ask, How can I use color more effectively in my landscapes?

My Suite101 article for this week begins a series about using Color in the Landscape Garden. The series will also include photos I've collected over the years.

Landscape Garden Color: Planned Design Generates Unified Appearance discusses how a few guiding principles are necessary for successful use of color in the garden landscape. This article outlines the three primary colors:

• red,
• yellow, and
• blue.

The article also points out the importance and enjoyment of using a colorwheel and what significance primary colors traditionally play in daily life. Future articles will discuss plants that fit into a primary color scheme. Tints and tones, shades and hues will also be discussed in future articles along with plants that fit suggested descriptions and themes.

Colonial Homes and Revival Gardens

My fascination with the development of The House of Seven Gables Historic Neighborhood by Caroline O. Emmerton and Joseph E. Chandler continues.

Colonial Homes and Revival Gardens: The House of The Seven Gables Historic Neighborhood, my most recent article about this development, discusses

• Preservation and Restoration
• Garden Designs, and
• Gardens and Selected Houses.
  

Pioneers of American Landscape Design

A University of VA (Charlottesville) Pavillion Garden
Inspired by Thomas Jefferson's original designs

Pioneers of American Landscape Design (2000) is a book you need to know about and own if you are at all interested in garden history and preserving cultural and garden landscapes. It is one I turn to often to check on the background of the gardens and landscape creators about which I write.

This book is a project of the

• Natioanl Park Service Landscape Initiative
• Library of American Landscape History
• CATALOG of Landscape Records in the United States at Wave Hill (NY) and
  
• Cultural Landscape Foundation.

According to the Cultural Landscape Foundation, The Pioneers of American Landscape Design project (and book) documents the lives and careers of people who have shaped the American landscape—not only landscape architects, but all who have played a role in creating our landscape heritage, including landscape gardeners, architects, horticulturists, nursery owners, writers, engineers, educators, cemetery designers, planners, golf course architects, and naturalists.

Although new copies (when one can find one) of Pioneers of American Landscape come with a hefty price tag, gently used copies are available through Internet book sites and independent book sellers. A copy is well worth having on your own reference book shelf.

Here are some articles about what else is on my Landscape Gardening Reference Book:

• The Landscape Design Bookshelf: Essential Landscape Design Books – New and Tried-and-True Favorites
• Garden Design and Structure: A Photographic Encyclopedia by Derek Fell

©
Text and photographs by Georgene A. Bramlage. 2007. Reproduction without permission
prohibited.

Gardener's Holiday - House of 7 Gables - Salem, MA

The House of the Seven Gables
Viewed across the raised beds of a Colonial Revival Garden.

Nathaniel Hawthorne's Birthplace
Moved to the complex from another part of Salem.

Retire Becket House (now the Gift Shop)
Viewed across the raised beds of a Colonial Revival Garden

Moved to the complex from another part of Salem.

What does a gardener do for a holiday? Easy answer: Gather up friends and relations, and visit a garden. I am fortunate enough to live in New England where it is very easy to find great-looking and historical gardens within a short drive or a long walk.

Earlier this week, accompanied by two friends I visited
The House of the Seven Gables Historic District that contains gardens that represent four centuries of planting schemes. This is another way of saying, to my way of thinking, Colonial Revival. During the early 1900s, Colonial Revival reached its peak of popularity in both house interior design and renovation along with landscape gardening. This approach clothed history in nostalgia and the concept of "the good old days."

Many times, the fun of a garden visit for me is in unraveling the garden's past - kind of like a mystery - rather than just looking at all the pretty flowers. The schoolteacher in me likes to look for accuracy in garden interpretation, while the photographer in me is always busy looking for that "perfect shot." The houses within the House the Seven Gables complex are not interpreted as being authentic representation, nor are the gardens. So, all in all, it was a great relaxing day out for me!

In The House of the Seven Gables: A Colonial Revival Garden (Salem, MA) I write about some of the information I uncovered about The House of the Seven Gables, its Historic Neighborhood, and Colonial Revival Gardens.

***Most gardens maintain web sites so, if you want to visit the House of the Seven Gables, I heartily recommend accessing these or telephoning for up-to-the-minute open days, admission times, and fees or other pertinent information you need to make your visit a good one.

The House of the Seven Gables Association. Location and Headquarters • 115 Derby Street • Salem, MA 01970 • (978) 744-099.

©
Text and photographs by Georgene A. Bramlage. 2007. Reproduction without permission
prohibited.

August Poll: Garden Landscapes of the World

Villa at Garnish Bay, Ireland

August Poll at Landscaping at Suite101: Garden Landscapes of the World.

Question: To which country would you like to travel so you can investigate, explore and learn about its garden landscapes? Let you imagination wander - consider that money is not an obstacle!